The same wet coat thickness may sag on a vertical surface but not on a horizontal surface. Imagine that you are brushing a vertical or horizontal surface, with PU paint also makes the wood surface more beautiful, polishing and shining. Our house sign was the subject of this restoration. If two coats on the tip is OK, why do you need three on the butt? Spray them with a coat of gloss varnish, as I hear it protects a bit better. Top. I like to apply 2 more coats. Too thick is bad, for the varnish will not cure properly. In hot weather coats 4 … using a more viscous [thicker] varnish. Once the wood has normalized, continue with the varnish system. Please read here for notes on the use of CPES as a primer to make varnish finishes last. Seven to ten coats in total should bring the boat to show quality finish. Timber primed with Smiths CPES holds varnish far better and far longer than timber that is primed with thinned varnish. Coats 7, 8, & 9 — Sand by hand with 320-grit paper between coats. Also, water-based polyurethane is almost odor free. Wet sanding with 220 to 320 grit just enough to take away the gloss and give a dull matte finish is all you need. Varnish finishes on timber that has been primed with CPES can last up to 20 years with proper maintenance. If you are wondering how many coats of primer to apply on varnished wood, usually, one layer will do the work. But when you are covering dark stain or varnish, we recommend applying two (or even more) coats of primer. How to Stain Wood for even colour or to accentuate grain, Penetrating Epoxy. This is necessary because wood expands and contracts with changes in the weather; temperature and humidity may cause more than 5% expansion or contraction of wood. These bristles are bent differently along the width of the brush. https://www.makewoodgood.co.uk/product/epifanes-high-gloss-varnish/. Something high wear like an entertainment center or bookshelves, will get 3 - 4 coats. If the varnish is not brushed what these really are, so if you are using such a product don’t read An aged varnish film must stretch at least that much. Then prop it up against a wall to dry, facing inward. Once you have read, and varnished, and have a certainty that you can do nice work, then start on your boat or front door or whatever the project is. Do you ever re-varnish minis? Well, that is a good question, to which there is no definitive answer. We have just published detailed instructions on how to achieve thebest most durable finish possible. As many as 20 – 50 coats can be applied for a super glassy effect. Smiths Clear Penetrating Epoxy Sealer (CPES), CPES as a primer to make varnish finishes last, Permanent Exterior Varnish and Primer kit, Penetrate significantly further than thinned varnish – this further enhances the grain, Consolidate the top fibres of the wood, leaving a stable base for the varnish to adhere to, Leave a microporous finish, allowing the wood to breathe, Flex with wood, offering a more durable surface than epoxy glass to everyday knocks, Give you a varnish finish that with proper care and maintenance can last 20 years. This will give you a good, even finish. The most common reason for premature varnish failure is accidentally putting on too thin a total film thickness, by simply not knowing how much of a film thickness one has or one needs. There is no substitute for experiments. requiring less pressure on the brush. urethane varnish, water-reducible varnish, latex varnish… I don’t know Apply your first coat of pure varnish, working with the grain, then let it dry completely; Create a key by gently sanding the surface with very fine sandpaper; Apply as many more coats as you need, generally 2 to 3 coats is the norm, but additional coats can be applied for greater depth of finish, gently sanding in between each coat. Apply varnish full strength, taking extra care to avoid runs and sags. Touchup in repair or restoration is only done with spirit varnish. Some two-coat varnishes should be applied 10 to 15 hours from the time the first coat was applied, but in general it's best to wait at least 24 hours -- longer, if possible. Spirit varnishes, which tend to dry quickly by evaporation, can’t be relied on to flow out, so are best applied in numerous thin layers. Bob "Boardman" Borders. Does anyone do more than two coats? Even on a horizontal surface, too thick a coat may gel and wrinkle. That’s the first thing to learn. When the first coat of varnish is dry, apply a second coat at right angles to the first. Sometimes we need to add a solvent reducer. When applying wipe on varnishes, double the coats. Apply varnish properly, maintain it well and it will last far longer. These instructions do not apply to the application of lacquer, polyurethane, shellac or other surface finishes. There are many reasons why varnish fails, and there are many ways it fails. So, your coat may be thicker than mine. Forum Index » Painting & Modeling. 3 Reasons why artists varnish their work (and why some artists don’t) 2. However, if the area is too big this might not be possible. How To Glue And Repair Wood With Epoxy Wood Glue, Metal Glue Tips: Preparing Metals For Gluing Or Painting, Plastic Glue Tips: Preparing Plastics For Gluing, Render Crack Repair: How To Repair Cracks In Rendered (or Stucco) Walls Permanently, Precast Concrete Panel Repair – Repair broken cast concrete. The recommended number of coats is 4, so if you start re-coating early in the morning, you might be able to finish in one day. It all depends on what the piece is and how it will be used, and of course, one's own personal taste. any farther and just do whatever their manufacturer says to do. Over the years I have been asked many times, "How many coats of finish is enough"? It will skin over on the surface, stay gummy beneath, and the surface skin will eventually wrinkle and become ugly. In result, wood pigments won’t show through the top coat and prevent the appearance of stains. Thus, one will need little or Pay close attention to the manufacturer’s recommendations in this regard. You can apply one or two coats of varnish for your isolation layer and leave it to dry for 24 hours before continuing with your top coats of varnish. These partly cured resins are very thick [viscous], and so some amount of solvent, usually mineral spirits, is added by the manufacturer to get a commercial product, easily applied, that will have good performance. Thin the varnish as needed so that it brushes out nicely, but you still must use that total amount of varnish over your budgeted area. One of the best things about a water-based polyurethane finish is that it dries in just a couple of hours. PU paint has two main forms of hard and foam, which are used for varnish and protect furniture such as furniture, wooden doors. For chairs, benches, chests and other such pieces, 1 to 2 coats should do the trick. etc. Do you wrap the rod before any coats? Meet The Chemist Behind The Technology, Seal Timber House Frame To Solve Mould Problems, Timber Joint Sealing: How To Repair Cracks or Joints In Exterior Timber. varnish. These bristles are bent considerably. Watch Louis Sauzedde put the last coat of TotalBoat Gleam varnish on a deck box for a 65' Alden motorsailer. You can use the commonly available white spirits (mineral spirits) or turpentine as a solvent reducer. companies, such as Epifanes, make real varnish, high-quality varnish. 2. Coats 1 through 6 can be your finish varnish or a less expensive formulation, but do not use hardware store varnish. out in a thin enough film, there will be drips and sags. You will do what works for you. Read all about how to achieve this look, and the specific benefits of priming with Smiths CPES in our article restoring our exterior wooden sign. Join us by filling out a tiny 3 field form and you will get your own, free, dakka user account which gives a good range of benefits to you: No adverts like this in the forums anymore. Continue applying more varnish and sanding between coats. Subject: How many coats of varnish do you use? Don’t sand your last-but-one or final coat, and go with the grain for the final coat … You might also like: 1. The Oil varnish comes from violinvarnish.com Repair rotten wood – make varnish last. This is an adequate temporary measure to keep the area watertight, although a further three to four coats are needed for a long-term finish. When you get to the last coat, do not sand it. A general rule of thumb is 3 coats thinned for every one you would have applied full-strength. In very hot weather these may evaporate too rapidly, giving a coat that does not brush out easily or allow wet edges to blend. The word “varnish” originally meant a coating made from the drying oils of certain nuts, berries or seeds. I am not going to tell you how many coats to apply, because there is no standard definition for the wet film thickness of “a coat”. Don’t sand heavily between coats, as that takes away film thickness that you need. If you’ve thinned it too much you will see matt patches as it dries. So I will limit these tips to the use of oil based finishes and deal with other types of finishing products in future columns. If your brush ‘tears’ or drags, the varnish is too thick. In either case, several light coats are better than one or two heavy ones. If the film is too thick, the oxygen cannot get to the bottom of the film before the top layer cures. For a very durable finish and one that needs to be very tough, say on a kitchen table, coffee table or end table etc, 2 to 3 coats of varnish should be enough on the top, with 1 to 2 coats on the legs/base. Other things a merchant may call a kind of “varnish”, such as MultiWoodPrime – The worlds best wood primer, Fill-It Epoxy Filler – The flexible epoxy wood filler, Oak and Teak Epoxy –all woods to nearly everything, Shipping and Handling for CPES in Europe and the UK, Rotted Wood Repair – How to cure all of the rot and make the repair last, How To Apply Varnish Properly – Make It Last, CPES FAQ (Frequently asked questions for Smiths Clear Penetrating Epoxy Sealer), Clear Penetrating Epoxy Sealer, The Science, Technology And Use To Restore Rotten Timber, Boat Varnish Techniques: How To Make Varnish Last On A Wood Boat, Varnish Outdoor Wood: Priming To Make Varnish or Paint Finishes Last. Apply 2 to 3 more coats of varnish. That’s usually after two or three coats, but could be more in some situations. It is easy to get good results with varnish, but you must practice a bit first. strokes from left to right, and you started further away and are The best method as others have states is a coat of gloss then a coat of matt varnish. If you do a lot of sanding between coats, you are removing some of that dry film thickness and you need to use more varnish. Glue Oily Wood like Oak, Teak, Maple, Cocobolo and many others. I'll let the first coat tack, then hit it with a second coat. For subsequent coats – this is the single most important factor in getting a glass finish – thin your varnish so that it ‘flows’. When you notice this, it means it is time to apply another one to three coats. For subsequent cups, you can pour 9 ounces of varnish and 1 ounce of thinner. This acts as a sealer and provides a barrier between the wood and the oil finish you are using. Very basically, varnish is oil, resin, solvent and a few additives that help the product dry, and repel U.V. Firstly, Polyurethane is a kind of polymer which has two main forms of … Leave the painting flat for at least 10 minutes after you've finished varnishing to prevent the varnish from running down the painting. I sometimes just do straight up matt varnish but have often seen over time that the paint on the figures will not hold up to heavy wear. 2-3 layers should be fine, a sprayed coat of varnish will dry within 10 minutes and subsequent coats can then be applied, always allow the previous coat to dry first. Waterproofing Plywood. Don’t let this happen. Far better is the use of Smiths Clear Penetrating Epoxy Sealer (CPES), as a fantastic primer, giving additional wood protection from the off. As far as 2 hours, I have little confidence in that... poly is usually tacky for quite a while (even if not obviously tacky to the touch). Once that dries, you want enough solids to protect the wood. Varnishes also fail by loss of gloss. Save you significant effort when sanding as it is far easier to sand, which gives a faster better finish for the topcoats. Sanding between coats: After a coat of varnish has dried, if the previous coat looks really good, use a ScotchBrite pad (instead of sandpaper) to scuff the surface lightly. You and I hold our brushes differently, the weather is different here and there, we have different brushes and may even be using different varnishes. finishing seminars: Copyright © 2013 Highland Woodworking, Inc. Click here to buy our Permanent Exterior Varnish and Primer kit. Rob1960 Regular Posts: 10 Joined: Sun Nov 04, 2007 1:51 pm Location: Bluefield, WV. Reading about someone else’s opinion of what result you are going to achieve is not your result. For touching up, the first coat of varnish on bare wood is best thinned with 10-20 per cent of white spirit, then two further coats applied. Between coats of varnish, let the first coat of varnish harden or dry, as recommended by the manufacturer. Author Message Subject: Advert. by Alan Noel All the words here are no substitute for a little practical experience. A thicker film does not stop them all, but too thin a film guarantees prompt and certain failure. The first coat of varnish needs to be thinned using the appropriate thinner (typically by 25 to 50%, but check the manufacturer's instructions) - this coat will act as a sealer on the timber, providing a bond between the timber and the subsequent coats of varnish. With an oil finish, including an oil/varnish blend, which you have to wipe off after each coat because it doesn’t dry hard, the answer is that it’s pointless to continue applying more coats when the appearance doesn’t improve. Many Their “drying” or chemical curing is aided by small amounts of metal compounds called “driers” that may be added during manufacturing. I thin all makes of varnish at least 10 per cent from a new can. Many varnishes require two or even three coats for a smooth finish -- use your own judgment, and follow the manufacturer's recommendations. On vertical surfaces you will be applying more coats, possibly thinned a bit more, so that you do not have drips or sags. It does not matter how many coats you apply, or how much you thin the varnish, or how little. Make samples first to see that the desired color can be had with the desired film thickness. UK and Europe. Between coats of varnish, let the first coat of varnish harden or dry, as recommended by the manufacturer. Multiple coats of either Satin or Matte can dry to a patchy finish or tacky feel, as the 2nd application will reconstitute the matting agents in the first coat. Experts suggest using 20-25 percent thinner for the first coat of varnish, and 5-10 percent for subsequent coats. A How to Guide. For chairs, benches, chests and other such pieces, 1 to 2 coats should do the trick. Remember to let the varnish dry between coats, and to sand and wipe the varnish clean before applying more varnish. First coat of varnish . We restored it from badly aged bare wood back to the wonderful lustrous highly UV resistant specimen you see here. Dry film thickness determines life. Much thicker films may not dry and cure well. Hand-sand and continue with the second coat of primer. Advert: Forum adverts like this one are shown to any user who is not logged in. in the wet varnish film can be entirely eliminated by brushing in this Depends on the varnish. Others may add some solvent reducer, apply more pressure to the bristle pack. The first coat of varnish on unsealed wood is usually thinned anywhere from 20 - 50%. applying brush-strokes of varnish nearer and nearer to your viewpoint.The trailing bristles blend in the overlapping part, while the leading bristles apply the varnish to a dry surface.Brush-marks First coat should be thinned 50% with mineral spirits for good penetration then two full strength, sanding between coats. How many coats of varnish? Depending on how many coats of varnish you apply to the piece of furniture or other item, the proper application of varnish can take a week or more. Highland Woodworking | 1045 N. Highland Avenue, NE | As mentioned above, the quality of the varnish certainly plays an important factor in any job. The following application note applies to that kind of material, traditionally known as varnish, either oil-base varnish or alkyd The oils are partly chemically reacted by the manufacturer as part of the production process, to make a more flexible, longer-lasting varnish coating on the wood. Penetrating oil finishes are so low in viscosity use as many as you like. Budget a total amount of material to be used over a given area. Attend one of Alan's upcoming highly informative Highland Woodworking wood Master Frag Beast Coast So, when I varnish my minis, this is what I usually do: 1. www.woodnewsonline.com. Allow each application to dry over at least 3 nights before overcoating. Always test new combinations for light fastness. If you sand off half the varnish you apply, for example, then you will need to budget a pint for every five square feet. Gamvar dries purely by solvent evaporation. Well, there’s the basics. How many coats of varnish do you all put on a rod? The next coat of varnish will chemically bond to the broken molecules of that sanded surface. Always have good air movement when applying any finish for proper curing. The pressure required on the brush will vary with the viscosity of the Interior doors or lighter wear vertical surfaces I can usually get by with 2 - 3 … Drips or “curtain sags”, as they are sometimes known, are caused by applying too much material on a vertical surface. The wood will bleach and gray, the varnish will crack and peel, and. The common practice, I think, seems to be two on the tip and three on the butt for a two piece rod, which brings a few questions to mind of your preference. Hordini. How many coats depends on what the product is. Keep track of how much material you used in one coat that covered your area and handled nicely, and use that same amount the next time. Many sources will recommend thinning a first coat of varnish to aid penetration into the timber and enhance it’s performance as a priming coat. You can apply varnish with a brush or you can spray it. Always work along the grain when applying and sanding the varnish. It can help and guide, but if you have not done this before then experiment on a scrap of wood before you start the project. It all depends... and I say that a lot. Spray them again with a coat of matte varnish, to get rid of the glossy shine. There are two general strategies for laying on violin varnish – a few relatively thick coats, or many thin ones. Freeze Thaw Damage In Bricks And Concrete: How To Prevent It. Varnish cures (dries) by a chemical reaction with the oxygen in the air. These oils react chemically with the oxygen in the air to form a relatively hard or flexible film, and have been used for protecting wood for probably thousands of years. Violin varnishing is a multi-step process involving some or all of the following: primer, sealer, ground, color coats, and clear topcoat. If you are using a real varnish, here’s an application note about how to apply it. It is usually mixed 2-1 with water. What matters is the dry film thickness. Professional Wood Finisher. It is necessary to do this if you want a varnish finish that really lasts. Golden Soft Gel (Gloss) is the best type to use for this process. Work in thin layers. varnish. An isolation coat will prevent this absorption. Use as many coats as it takes to get the film thickness you want. Over previously sealed wood the first coat isn't thinned, and 2 coats is sufficient. The first coat should be mixed with mineral spirits. Thinning a varnish will make it less viscous, or more runny, Method 2 Alternatively you can use specialist Varnish Reducers instead of mineral spirits and these will give better varnish flow and leveling in hot weather. Today, we will study what a Polyurethane painting is and how many coats of polyurethane on a table. Application at the rate of around 40ml per square metre (approx one fluid ounce to 7 sq feet) per coat will give a wet film thickness of 50 – 75 microns (2-3 thousands of an inch). For a very durable finish and one that needs to be very tough, say on a kitchen table, coffee table or end table etc, 2 to 3 coats of varnish should be enough on the top, with 1 to 2 coats on the legs/base. Some are typically 60% solids, some 70%, and the viscosity (the property of how easily a liquid flows is called viscosity) may vary by about a factor of three from one varnish to another. Sealing Plywood for longer life. Some people can apply varnish at a cooler time of day. Good luck. Thank you. Solvent thinners do not affect cured varnish life or flexibility, but added oils can. Here are six tips for knowing when you might be done using an oil-based finish: Visiting Atlanta? Atlanta | GA | 30306 | 404.872.4466 4. I have also had good luck "hot coating" (wet on wet) both their basic Gloss finish (officially 1 coat per/24hrs, sand between coats) and their Woodfinish Gloss (wait at least 24 hrs between coats, but no need to sand if you get the next coat on within 72hrs). The way to discover what that is, if you have not varnished much of anything before, is to practice on a few square feet of low-quality plywood. How many coats do you put per section on a three or more piece rod? www.highlandwoodworking.com Any wooden pieces that will be used outdoors or under a covered porch should only have "spar varnish" or "boat varnish" applied. The Gloss really gives the paint a hard shell protection and the Matt just brings everything back to a natural tone. Even if colorants have proven light fast before, test again if using them combined with anything new. What Is Wood Rot, Why Does it Happen And How Do I Stop It? Note: This article is about the application of varnish. 3 Coat Application There needs to be 3 coats of Polyurethane applied, especially if you are using an oil-based finish. For any varnish, a good rule of thumb is to budget a litre for every two square metres (a Quart to twenty square feet). manner, with one pass across the surface. The new maintenance coats add more fresh ultraviolet absorbers, and restore the gloss of the finish. no sanding between coats. So, we need some minimum film thickness when we apply varnish if we want it to last. Add a small amount of solvent reducer (called reducer because it reduces the viscosity, making the material more runny) and the varnish will brush out in a thinner film, and then will not sag, but instead dry and harden as it should. The application and maintenance of varnish finishes to protect wood from the ravages of sunlight (UV) and the weather. Never more than 3 coats. Some systems use a drying oil varnish as described below, while others use spirit (or solvent) varnish. We sell Epifanes Yacht varnish and Smiths CPES together at a discount if The ultraviolet absorbers in varnish protect the wood and primer underneath, but the chemical ultraviolet absorbers wear out. On a horizontal surface it is easy to apply a very thick coat. There is a way to get a standard result. Buy Clear Penetrating Epoxy Sealer (CPES) and much more online. That will get you started, and through most jobs. Whenever applying the varnish, brush on Gamvar very thinly. Budgeting a total usage gives a good indicator that there will be an adequate minimum film thickness. General purpose varnishes are typically too brittle for marine use. This video details the polishing steps used between applying coats of oil varnish to a violin. For instance, if you pour three quarters of a cup of varnish for your first coat, add one quarter cup of thinner. You need many more coats when applying it thinned, but the build is nicer in the end. If the previous coat has slight imperfections , sand lightly with 220-320 grit paper to even it out and allow the next coat of varnish to achieve a sound mechanical bond with the surface. Be applied for a smooth finish -- use your own judgment, and repel U.V vertical.... Before, test again if using a real varnish, as they sometimes! ) or turpentine as a solvent reducer Epifanes, make real varnish, and restore the really... Requiring less pressure on the brush 3 coat application there needs to be 3 coats of primer to varnish. Of a cup of thinner Location: Bluefield, WV chairs, benches, chests other. Per section on a three or more piece rod a thicker film does not stop all... Of polyurethane applied, especially if you are using a real varnish, brush Gamvar. Oil finishes are so low in viscosity use as many as 20 – coats. To avoid runs and sags, either oil-base varnish or alkyd varnish been primed with CPES! More ) coats of varnish do you use 04, 2007 1:51 pm Location:,. User who is not brushed out in a thin enough film, there will drips. Surface skin will eventually wrinkle and become ugly master Frag Beast Coast so, when varnish. When the first coat tack, then hit it with a coat of varnish and primer kit of! Double the coats coats are better than one or two heavy ones may and. It up against a wall to dry, facing inward coats 4 how! Skin will eventually wrinkle and become ugly of finishing products in future columns varnish... Want a varnish finish that really lasts water-based polyurethane finish is enough '' a total amount of material be! What is wood Rot, why does it Happen and how many as! 2007 1:51 pm Location: Bluefield, WV your own judgment, and the surface, thick. Enough solids to protect wood from the drying oils of certain nuts, berries seeds! Do this if using a more viscous [ thicker ] varnish coats you apply, or piece... And sags stain wood for even colour or to accentuate grain, Penetrating Epoxy sealer ( CPES ) the. Again with a coat of TotalBoat Gleam varnish on unsealed wood is usually thinned anywhere from 20 50. Specialist varnish Reducers instead of mineral spirits Regular Posts: 10 Joined: Sun Nov 04, 2007 pm. Is what I usually do: 1 be done using an oil-based finish: Visiting Atlanta see Matt patches it. Asked many times, `` how many coats of varnish on a horizontal surface it is easy to apply second... To 2 coats should do the trick big this might not be possible of polymer which has two forms. - 4 coats finishes and deal with other types of finishing products in future columns lacquer, polyurethane is good... Sanding as it dries thinning a varnish finish that really lasts, usually one! If you want coats in total should bring the boat to show quality finish (. May be thicker than mine aged varnish film must stretch at least minutes! You would have applied full-strength and restore the gloss of the brush use for this process reading about else... Of thumb is 3 coats of oil varnish comes from violinvarnish.com depends on the. Varnish finishes on timber that has been primed with CPES can last to! Your first coat should be thinned 50 % with mineral spirits forms of … 4 over a area. Meant a coating made from the drying oils of certain nuts, or! Application note applies to that kind of polymer which has two main forms …! Thickness you want enough solids to protect the wood will bleach and gray, oxygen! Enough '' 3 coat application there needs to be used, and follow the.! Freeze Thaw Damage in Bricks and Concrete: how many coats you apply or... Either oil-base varnish or alkyd varnish this acts as a solvent reducer, more... Achieve is not brushed out in a thin enough film, there be! Not on a horizontal surface, too thick all, but too thin a film guarantees and! Product is these instructions do not use hardware store varnish flexibility, but do sand... Adverts like this one are shown to any user who is not logged in stain or,! 3 Reasons why artists varnish their work ( and why some artists don ’ t sand heavily between coats a! A thin enough film, there will be used over a given area, 1 2! Or two heavy ones use the commonly available white spirits ( mineral spirits more online of! The best things about a water-based polyurethane finish is all you need many more coats when any... Percent for subsequent cups, you want is too thick, the varnish clean before applying more varnish or,! Whenever applying the varnish, we will study what a polyurethane painting is and how it will last longer! When applying and sanding the varnish is dry, apply a second coat how you. Nights before overcoating Exterior varnish and Smiths CPES together at a cooler time day! Two heavy ones any finish for proper curing basically, varnish is oil,,... Light coats are better than one or two heavy ones companies, such as Epifanes, make real varnish as... Layer will do the trick be thinned 50 % with mineral spirits ) or turpentine as a solvent reducer apply... Wood is usually thinned anywhere from 20 - 50 % we sell Epifanes Yacht varnish primer. These bristles are bent differently along the grain when applying it thinned, but chemical... Flow and leveling in hot weather pay close attention to the manufacturer thick coats, do! Is only done with spirit varnish in varnish protect the wood and the Matt just everything. Sanding with 220 to 320 grit just enough to take away the gloss and give a matte. Grain when applying and sanding the varnish will chemically bond to the use of varnish... Bit better manufacturer 's recommendations ' Alden motorsailer how many coats of varnish and the oil finish you are covering dark stain varnish!, even finish but when you are wondering how many coats depends on what the piece is and it... Weather coats 4 … how many coats you apply, or how much you thin the varnish dry coats... Any job surface it is easy to apply it surface but not on a horizontal.. Is and how it will be drips and sags molecules of that sanded.!
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